The main symptom of fibromyalgia is widespread, persistent pain, often described as a constant dull ache. This pain is felt on both sides of the body, as well as above and below the waist. Researchers believe that fibromyalgia amplifies pain by altering how the brain processes pain signals. Managing widespread pain often involves medications, such as pain relievers or drugs for nerve pain, as well as therapies like physical therapy, acupuncture, and massage. Regular exercise and stress management techniques, such as yoga and meditation, can also help reduce pain.

Many individuals with fibromyalgia experience severe fatigue that isn’t alleviated by sleep. This fatigue can interfere with daily activities and concentration. The fatigue may be linked to disrupted sleep and abnormalities in deep sleep phases common in fibromyalgia sufferers.

Often called “fibro fog,” cognitive challenges in fibromyalgia include memory issues, trouble concentrating, and difficulty organizing thoughts. These cognitive difficulties can interfere with work, school, daily activities, and social interactions. “Fibro fog” may be due to pain, which distracts the brain and impairs its ability to process information efficiently.

Sleep problems are common in fibromyalgia, including difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, and feeling rested upon waking. Poor sleep can worsen pain and fatigue, creating a cycle of symptoms. Sleep abnormalities, such as interruptions in deep sleep, are frequent. Addressing sleep issues involves good sleep hygiene, such as establishing a regular sleep routine, creating a comfortable sleep environment, and avoiding stimulants before bed.